Improvement in windmills



Wind-Mills. N0. 146,753, Patented 1an. 27, 1874.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEc lNIONTG-OMERY CROSSMA AND PRATT A. SPICER, OF MARSHALL MICHIGAN IMPROVEMENT IN WINDMILLS.

Spectcation forming part of Letters Patent No. 146,753, dated January 27,1874 application filedV June 23, 1873.

l county of Calhoun and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements "in Windmills, of which the following is a specification The nature of our invention relates to an in1- provement inwindmills; and it consists in, nrst, an oscillating vane, secured to a shaft, lwhich allows it to revolve about a quarter of a circle, and which is so constructed that the pressure of the wind against the sails will cause it to` turn or bend downward, at the same time causing it to act upon the wheel and vane in such a manner as to swing them more or less around, so as to present only their edges to the wi nd; second, apivoted arn'i or lever, provided with a beveled st op or projection, upon which a catch on the oscillating vane catches and holds this vane in a horizontal position after it has been blown over by a high wind, so as to prevent it from suddenlyassuming a vertical position, which it might do during a momentary lull in a storm; third, a shaft having an oscillating vane secured to one end for swinging the wheel around ont of the wind, and a connnon vane to the other, the said shaft `being made to rotate by the oscillating vane a cheap, simple, and efficient windmill is produced.

`Figure l represents a side elevatlon of our mill, showing the mill ready for work. Fig. 2 Ais a plan view ofthe saine, showm g the position assumed by tl le parts during a ti ercc wind or storm.

a represents the mast, having the two brackets or supports c secured to its top,in which the pivot "d revolves. The turn-table, or upper part of the pivot, is provided with two bearin gs, e, and an arm or support, g. The wheel i, which may be of any desired kind, is secured to the sleeve l, which -is journalcd in one of the bearings c, and which passes over, and revolves around, the non-rotating shaft 2, having the eccentric, for operating the pitman Z, cast or formed solidly with it. la-ssing through one of the bearings e and the sleeve l is a shaft, 2, having an n ordinary vane, a, secured to one end, and an oscillatingweighted and winged lever, o, keyed or fastened to the other by an arm, o, for moving the wind-wheel in and out of the wind.`

The lever o has a weight, u, fastened to its lower end, which acts as a counter-balance, and a vane, y, to its upper one, which is so hinged as to always stand angling to the wind when the lever is in avertical position, or nearly so.

In order to make the vane always assume this this lever, being rigidly secured to the shaft 2,

causes it to revolve or turn about one-quarter way around, and, in so doing, turns the vane a from a vertical to a horizontal position, as

shown in Fig. 2, so that, when the wheel is swung around so as to be on the side of the mast and present only its edge to the wind, the vane will present only its edge, also. Extending upward and outward froln the top` of the turn-table is the arm g, to which is fastened a stop-chain, 4, to limit the movements of the lever o, and a slotted arm or lever, 5, having a beveled stop orprojection, 6, extending outward from its side. Passing through the slot in the lever is a cord or cha-in, 7 having a link or other device secured near to its end, so as to prevent it from drawing through without lifting the arm, and which then passes over suitable pulleys down through the pivot, a-nd is fastened to a sliding collar on the pitman.

Should the wind blow too violently, the oscillating lever will be moved over and downward until the weighted end has beenra-ised suicient- `ly high for the catch 8 to catch on top of the projection 6 on the side of the arm, when the lever instantly return the lever to a Vertical position lflilll.

Should it be desired to stop the inill at any time, by pulling upon the cord or chain the lever o, with oscillatingvane, will descend, and the wind acting on it, it Will act as a rudder to swing the wheel around from the rear of the mast to the side, so as to present only its edge to the Wind, When it will stop entirely, or re-W volve but very slowly.

l\[oying up and down upon a guide-rod, il, on the side of the mast, is a forked slide, 2f, to which a rope or rod may be attached, so as to extend down Within easy reach of a person on the ground, for operating the rope. This slide has two movemcnts-onc a vertical sliding and the other a rotary one--so as to accommodate itself to the motion of the pitman.

Having thus described our invention, we claiml. The Weighted oscillating lever o, having the vane y hinged to its upper end, and con neet-ed to the Wind-Wheel in such a manner as to swing it around from the rear to the side ot' the ina-st, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of the pivoted arin or lever 5, provided with a suitable projection, 6, and the catch or stop on the oscillating lever, substantially as specified.

Intestiniony that We lclaim the foregoing as our invention we hereunto atlix our signatures this 11th day of June, 1873.

MONTGOMERY CROSSMAN. PRATT lA. SPICER. Witnesses:

A. MoRToN, N. A. Baooics. 

